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Dheeraj Kumar
Associate Professor
dheeraj.kumar[at]cy.iitr.ac.in
Room No - 401, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee
+91-1332-285439
https://www.dkresearchlab.in/
Research Interests

Biosketch
Educational Details
Professional Background

Research
Projects
Publications
Patents
Books
Collaborations

Honours and Awards
Honors
Memberships

Teaching Engagements
Teaching Engagements

Students
Supervisions
Associate Scholars

Miscellaneous
Events
Visits
Administrative Positions
Miscellaneous
Research Interests
High Energy Density Materials, Design and synthesis of green, nitrogen-rich high energy density materials , Inorganic chemistry, Main Group Chemistry: Organophosphorus and organoboron compounds, Organometallic Chemistry, Design and synthesis of chiral and achiral catalysts based on metal sandwich compounds, Agents Defeat Weapons, Polyiodo compounds for biocidal applications
BioSketch
Educational Details
IIT Delhi
2014
Ph.D, Chemistry
IIT Delhi
2009
M.Sc, Chemistry
Delhi University
2007
B.Sc(Hons), Chemistry
Professional Background
Associate Professor
09 Aug 2024 - Present
IIT Roorkee
Assistant Professor
10 Dec 2018 - 08 Aug 2024
IIT Roorkee
Postdoctoral fellow
01 Jan 2017 - 01 Jan 2018
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Postdoctoral fellow
01 Jan 2015 - 01 Jan 2017
University of Idaho, USA
INSPIRE Faculty Fellow
15 Jan 2018 - 30 Nov 2018
IIT Kanpur
Research
Projects
TOPIC START DATE FIELD DESCRIPTION FINANCIAL OUTLAY FUNDING AGENCY OTHER OFFICERS
Azole based fused-ring and methylene bridged energetic compounds 20 Jan 2026 Energetic Materials Rs. 10680800 DRDO, HEMRL, DRDO, India none
Advanced energetic materials based on versatile functionalization of 3,5-dinitropyrazoles 22 Mar 2025 Energetic Materials 45.6 Lakhs ANRF, India none
Advanced high energy density materials using metal catalyzed coupling reactions 13 Dec 2021 Energetic Materials 42.02 Lakhs SERB, India none
Nitrogen-rich high energy density materials from acetonitrile functionalized azoles 21 Dec 2020 Energetic Materials 46.72 Lakhs SERB, India None
Mixed azoles based green high energy density materials with fine-tuned properties 01 Jan 2018 Energetic Materials 35 Lakhs DST, Govt of India none
Pyrazine based energetic materials 01 Jan 2019 Pyrazine based energetic materials 20 Lakhs SRIC, IIT Roorkee None




Publications
N-Methylene-C Bridged 4-Azido-3,5-dinitropyrazole and N-Hydroxytetrazole: Metal-Free Primary Explosive and Powerful Secondary Explosives
2026
Priyanka Das; Prachi Bhatia; Meera Khatri; Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Organic Letters Pages: 7679–7684 , Volumes: 28 ,
Design and Synthesis of Insensitive Fused Triazolo-Pyrimidine-Based Energetic Materials
2026
Meera Khatri; Priyanka Das; Krishna Pandey; Satyabrata Sahoo; Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Organic Letters Pages: 5598–5602 , Volumes: 28 ,
N-Methylene-C linkages: a versatile tool for engineering unsymmetrical energetic materials with an energy–stability balance
2026
Prachi Bhatia; Dheeraj Kumar | RSC
Journal: Chemical Communications Pages: 5124–5140 , Volumes: 62 ,
N-Acetimidamide Functionalized 4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole as an Oxygen-Containing Cation for Thermally Stable Energetic Salts
2026
Priyanka Das; Prachi Bhatia; Meera Khatri; Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: 122–137 , Volumes: 91 ,
N-Methylene-C Linked 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole and N-Hydroxytetrazole: Insensitive Energetic Materials Enlivened by N-Hydroxyl Group
2025
Prachi Bhatia; Priyanka Das; Amit Bijlwan; Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Organic Letters Pages: 12059–12063 , Volumes: 27 ,
K2MODNP: A Lead-Free Initiator with Excellent Thermal Stability and Promising Energetic Performance
2025
Prachi Bhatia; Priyanka Das; Meera Khatri; Swadhin Kumar Jena; Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Organic Letters Pages: 13426–13431 , Volumes: 27 ,
Extensive Evaluation of Dinitropyrazole and Tetrazole-Based Energetic Compounds: Role of Isomerism and Oxygen Balance on the Overall Performance
2025
Priyanka Das ; Prachi Bhatia ; Shivanshu Verma ; Aditya Yadav ; Satyabrata Sahoo; Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: 14683–14694 , Volumes: 190 ,
Zwitterionic Energetic Compound Based on N-Acetamidinium Functionalized Nitroimino-tetrazole: Towards High-Performance and Stability
2025
Priyanka Das, Prachi Bhatia, Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: Chemistry-An Asian Journal Pages: e70359 , Volumes: 20 ,
A Family of Methylene-Bridged Fully Functionalized Polynitroarenes and Tetrazole-Based Energetic Materials
2025
Amit Bijlwan, Priyanka Das, Prachi Bhatia, Vikas D. Ghule, Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: e202500823 , Volumes: 28 ,
1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Bridged 3,5-Dinitropyrazoles: Powerful Alliance toward High Performance and High Thermal Stability
2025
Krishna Pandey; Priyanka Das; Amit Bijlwan; Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: 7700–7711 , Volumes: 90 ,
The Significant Role of Burgess Reagent and Its Analogues in Organic Synthesis
2025
Ajeet Chandra, Subba Rao Cheekatla, Vinod Kumar Vishwakarma, Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: e202500338 , Volumes: 14 ,
A Facile Route for the Synthesis of Insensitive Energetic Materials
2025
Prachi Bhatia, Priyanka Das, Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics Pages: e12022 , Volumes: 50 ,
Engaging Two Anions with Single Cation in Energetic Salts: Approach for Optimization of Oxygen Balance in Energetic Materials
2024
Prachi Bhatia, Priyanka Das, Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Pages: 64846-64857 , Volumes: 16 ,
Systematic Synthesis of Thermally Stable Zwitterionic Energetic Materials Based on 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole
2024
Prachi Bhatia, Priyanka Das, Amit Bijlwan, Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Organic Letters Pages: 9781-9786 , Volumes: 26 ,
Synthesis and Characterization of N-Methylene-C-Bridged 4-Substituted-3,5-dinitropyrazoles and 1,2,4-Triazolone
2024
Krishna Pandey, Priyanka Das, Prachi Bhatia, Dheeraj Kumar | RSC
Journal: Dalton Transactions Pages: 17179-17189 , Volumes: 53 ,
4-Carboxylic-3,5-dinitropyrazole: An underestimated compound out-performed all other 3,5-dinitropyrazole derivatives
2024
Krishna Pandey, Priyanka Das, Prachi Bhatia, Dheeraj Kumar | ACS
Journal: Crystal Growth & Design Pages: 6790-6799 , Volumes: 24 ,
Combination of N-Amino-1,2,4-triazole and 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole for the Synthesis of High Performing Explosives
2024
Prachi Bhatia, Pooja, Vikas D Ghule, Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry Pages: 1299-1305 , Volumes: 61 ,
Time for Mixing: Mixed Dicationic Energetic Salts Based on Methylene Bridged 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole and Tetrazole for Tunable Performance
2024
Prachi Bhatia, Vikas D Ghule, Dheeraj Kumar | Elsevier
Journal: Energetic Materials Frontiers Pages: 105-111 , Volumes: 5 ,
Benzofuroxan-Based Energetic Materials with Alternating Nitro and Hydroxyl Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties
2024
Atharva Tiwari, Krishna Pandey, Priyanka Das, Vikas D. Ghule, Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: e202400794 ,
Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties
2024
Prachi Bhatia, Krishna Pandey, Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: Chemistry-An Asian Journal Pages: e202400481 , Volumes: 19 ,
Pushing the Limit of Oxygen Balance on a Benzofuroxan Framework: K2DNDP as an Extremely Dense and Thermally Stable Material as a Substitute for Lead Azide
2024
Krishna Pandey, Atharva Tiwari, Jatinder Singh, Prachi Bhatia, Krishna Pandey, Dheeraj Kumar, J M Shreeve | ACS
Journal: Organic Letters Pages: 1952−1958 , Volumes: 26 ,
N-Acetonitrile functionalized 3-nitrotriazole: Precursor to nitrogen rich stable and insensitive energetic materials
2024
Prachi Bhatia, Peddapothula Sahithi Priya, Priyanka Das, Dheeraj Kumar | Elsevier
Journal: Energetic Materials Frontiers Pages: 171-182 , Volumes: 5 ,
Taming of 4-azido-3,5-dinitropyrazole based energetic materials
2024
P. Das, P. Bhatia, K. Pandey, D. Kumar | RSC
Journal: Materials Advances Pages: 171-182 , Volumes: 5 ,
Bis(dinitropyrazolyl)methanes spruced up with hydroxyl groups: high performance energetic salts with reduced sensitivity
2023
P. Bhatia, K. Pandey, P. Das, D. Kumar | RSC
Journal: Chemical Communications Pages: 14110-14113 , Volumes: 59 ,
Controlling the Energetic Properties of N-Methylene-C-Linked 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole- and Tetrazole-Based Compounds via a Selective Mono- and Dicationic Salt Formation Strategy
2023
P. Bhatia, K. Pandey, B. Avasthi, P. Das, V. D. Ghule, D. Kumar | ACS
Journal: Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: 15085-15096 , Volumes: 88 ,
Polynitro Functionalized 4-Phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as Heat-Resistant Explosives
2023
Krishna Pandey, Prachi Bhatia, Khwaja Mohammad, Vikas Ghule and Dheeraj Kumar | RSC
Journal: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Pages: 6604-6616 , Volumes: 21 ,
Connecting Energetic Nitropyrazole and Nitrobenzene Moieties with C-C Bonds using Suzuki Cross?Coupling Reaction: A Novel Route to Thermally Stable Energetic Materials
2022
Krishna Pandey, Prachi Bhatia, Pritam Dolui, Vikas D. Ghule, Dr. Dheeraj Kumar | Wiley
Journal: Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry Pages: 201-210 , Volumes: 11 ,
Honors And Awards
Honors
IIT Roorkee
2024
Institute Research Fellowship and Outstanding Young Faculty 2024
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
2024
Distinguished Visiting Scholar
DST, Government of India
2017
INSPIRE Faculty Award
NIT Kurukshetra
2014
Best Oral Presentation award
IIT Delhi
2012
Best poster award
CSIR, INDIA
2014
Junior and Senior Research Fellow (SRF)
St. Stephen's College, Delhi University
2007
Shri Bhikha Mal Memorial Prize
MemberShips
Chirantan Rasayan Sanstha (CRS), India
01 Jun 2026 - Present
Life Member
Indian Chemical Society, India
07 May 2025 - Present
Life Fellow
Society for Materials Chemistry, India
18 Nov 2024 - Present
Life Member
High Energy Materials Society of India (HEMSI)
30 Sep 2020 - Present
Life Member
Chemical Research Society of India (CRSI)
20 Jun 2019 - Present
Life Member
Material Research Society of India (MRSI)
21 Sep 2020 - Present
Life Member
Teaching Engagements
Teaching Engagements
High Energy Density Materials ( CYL-644 )
Spring
Advanced Coordination Chemistry ( CYC-301 )
Autumn
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory ( CYC-510 )
Spring
Main Group and Cluster Chemistry ( CY-203 )
Autumn
Seminar ( CYN-699 )
Autumn
Physical Chemistry Lab ( CYN-001 )
Autumn
Organic and Inorganic Chemistry ( CYN-002 )
Spring
General Chemistry-III ( CYN-008 )
Spring
General Organic and Inorganic Chemistry ( CYN-104 )
Spring
Coordination Chemistry and Organometallics ( CYN-203 )
Autumn
Organic Chemistry II ( CYN-204 )
Spring
Advanced Coordination Chemistry ( CYN-303 )
Autumn
Laboratory 1-Inorganic ( CYN-311 )
Autumn
Laboratory 1-Organic ( CYN-311 )
Autumn
Laboratory II ( CYN-312 )
Spring
Advanced Organometallic Chemistry ( CYN-502 )
Spring
Laboratory II ( CYN-510 )
Spring
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry ( CYN-902 )
Autumn
Students
SuperVisions
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Thermally Stable Energetic Materials Based on Versatile Functionalization of 3,5-Dinitropyrazoles, India
01 Jan 2019 - 23 Apr 2024
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: KRISHNA PANDEY
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Insensitive Energetic Materials Based on N-functionalization of 4- Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole, India
01 Jan 2019 - 20 Jan 2025
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: PRACHI BHATIA
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Asymmetric NMethylene- C Bridged Azole-based Energetic Materials with Fine-tuned Properties, India
10 Feb 2021 - 03 Jul 2026
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: Priyanka Das
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Fused Ring Energetic Materials, India
18 Dec 2021 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: Meera Khatri
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Insensitive Energetic Materials Based on Polynitroarene and Azoles, India
18 Jul 2022 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: Amit Bijlwan
Insensitive Energetic Materials, India
26 Dec 2023 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: Satyabrata Sahoo
Agent Defeat Weapons, India
11 Jul 2024 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: Priyanka Kumari
High Energy Density Materials, India
13 Jan 2025 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: Sakshi Saini
High Energy Density Materials, India
15 Jul 2026 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: SHIVANI KUSHWAHA
High Energy Density Materials, India
14 Jul 2026 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: DEEPIKA KUMARI DWIVEDI
High Energy Density Materials, India
14 Jul 2026 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: RITIKA RATTAN
High Energy Density Materials, India
14 Jul 2026 - Present
Other Supervisors: , Scholar: PRABHAT KUMAR MAURYA
Miscellaneous
Events
High Energy Materials Conference & Exhibits (HEMCE-2026), India
29 Apr 2026 - 01 May 2026
HEMSI, Hyderabad Chapter
Departmental Lecture, India
02 May 2026 - Present
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Departmental Talk, British Indian Ocean Ter
12 Mar 2026 - Present
Central University Rajasthan
XX International Workshop on High Energy & Special Materials (HEMs-2025), India
07 Nov 2025 - 09 Nov 2025
15th International Workshop on Combustion and Propulsion (15-IWCP), Italy
06 Jul 2025 - 12 Jul 2025
Departmental Lecture, China
11 Jul 2024 - Present
Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
World Materials Conference (WMC 2024), China
08 Jul 2024 - 10 Jul 2024
Departmental Lecture, China
07 Jul 2024 - Present
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing
Continuing Education Programme (CEP) on Explosive Technology, India
10 Jun 2024 - 14 Jun 2024
High Energy Materials Conference & Exhibits (HEMCE-2024), India
01 Feb 2024 - 03 Feb 2024
Emerging Trends in Chemistry for Multidisciplinary Applications (ETCMA 2024), India
04 Oct 2024 - 05 Oct 2024
International Conference on Optoelectronic and Bio-inspired Nanomaterials (ICOBIN), India
04 Dec 2023 - 06 Dec 2023
IIT Roorkee
Green Energy & Sustainable Environmental Practices (GESEP-2023), India
30 Jan 2023 - 31 Jan 2023
Continuing Education Programme (CEP) on Explosive Technology, India
22 May 2023 - 26 May 2023
Contemporary Facets in Organic Synthesis (CFOS-2022), India
01 Dec 2022 - 04 Dec 2022
IIT Roorkee
High Energy Materials Conference & Exhibits (HEMCE-2022), India
26 May 2022 - 28 May 2022
Modern Trends in Inorganic Chemistry (MTIC-XIX), India
15 Dec 2022 - 17 Dec 2022
Invited to give an oral presentation in the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Energetic Materials in Beijing, China., China
18 Oct 2019 - 20 Oct 2019
China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing
Mastering in Molecules and Materials, M3
01 Jan 2014 - Present
Department of chemistry, NIT Kurukshetra
New Horizons of Chemical Sciences” (NHCS)
01 Jan 2013 - Present
Department of chemistry, IIT Delhi
Modern Trends In Inorganic Chemistry”(MTIC-XV)
01 Jan 2013 - Present
Department of chemistry, IIT Roorkee
New Directions in Chemical Sciences (NDCS)
01 Jan 2012 - Present
Department of chemistry, IIT Delhi
Asian conference on coordination chemistry (ACCC-3)
01 Jan 2011 - Present
IIT Delhi and IIT Kanpur
Modern Trends In Inorganic Chemistry”(MTIC-XIII)
01 Jan 2009 - Present
Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore
Visits
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
2024-07-07
Distinguished Visiting Scholar
Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China
Invited Lecture in World Materials Conference (WMC 2024)
Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
2024-07-11
Invited Lecture
SPLab – Space Propulsion Laboratory, Pescara, Italy
2025-07-07
Attended Internatinal workshop on combustion and propulsion
Administrative Positions
Convenor, Department Faculty Search Committee (DFSC)
06 Feb 2026 - 31 Dec 2027
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Liaison Officer
11 Apr 2026 - Present
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
01 Apr 2021 - Present
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Timetable In-charge
01 Apr 2023 - 01 Apr 2025
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Office Incharge NMR Lab
01 Jan 2020 - 31 Mar 2026
IIT Roorkee
Member, Library Advisory Committee (LAC)
01 Jun 2022 - 01 Jun 2025
IIT Roorkee
Member, Write-off Committee
01 Jan 2024 - 31 Dec 2025
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Safety Committee Member
01 Mar 2020 - 01 Mar 2023
IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Office Incharge Library
01 Jan 2021 - 01 Jan 2024
IIT Roorkee
Member, Departmental Administrative Committee
01 Jul 2022 - 01 Jul 2024
IIT Roorkee
Member DFSC
01 Jan 2019 - 01 Jan 2020
IIT Roorkee
Departmental Faculty Coordinator of Cognizance
01 Jan 2019 - 01 Jan 2020
IIT Roorkee
Awards Received by Ph.D. Students at Conferences

1) Satyabrata Sahoo received the Best Oral Presentation Award at the conference “Emerging Trends in Chemistry, Biopolymers and Sustainable Materials,” organized by Gurukul Kangri, Haridwar, 18 August 2026.

2) Priyanka Kumari received the Best Oral Presentation Award in the International Conference, "CBRNE Related Threats to National Security and Safety – Antiterrorism Measures for a Safe Environment (ICCTNSS-2026) ", organized by the University of Delhi, March 12-13, 2026.

3)Meera received the Best Oral Presentation Award in the International Conference, "Recent Advancements in Materials and Chemical Sciences (RAMCS-2025)", organized by SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, September 19-20, 2025.

4) Meera received the Best Oral Presentation Award in the conference "Main-Group Molecules to Materials-4  (MMM4)", organized by IIT Bombay, February, 9-12, 2025.

5) Prachi Bhatia received the Best Poster Presentation Award in the international conference '14th International Workshop on Combustion and Propulsion' at Pescara, Italy, July, 28-31, 2024.

6) Krishna Pandey received the Best Poster Presentation Award in the '14th International High Energy Materials Conferences & Exhibits' organized by High Energy Materials Society of India, Thiruvananthapuram Chapter, Kerala, February, 1-3, 2024.

7) Prachi Bhatia received the Best Poster Presentation Award in the '14th International High Energy Materials Conferences & Exhibits' organized by High Energy Materials Society of India, Thiruvananthapuram Chapter, Kerala, February, 1-3, 2024.

8) Priyanka Das received the Best Poster Presentation Award in the ‘Lecture Workshop on J. Chem. Sci. Outreach Program’ organized by the Dept. of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, November, 18, 2023.

9) Krishna Pandey received the Best Poster Presentation Award in the ‘Research Scholars' Day (ChemDay-2023)’ organized by the Dept. of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, November, 4, 2023.

10) Prachi Bhatia received the Best Poster Presentation Award in the 'Institute Research Day, 2023' at IIT Roorkee, March, 13, 2023.

11) Prachi Bhatia received the Best Poster Presentation Award in the conference 'Emergent Materials for Energy and Environment (EMEE-2023)' at IIT Roorkee, March, 4-5, 2023.

12) Prachi Bhatia received the Best Oral Presentation Award in the ‘Research Scholars' Day (ChemDay-2022)’ organized by the Dept. of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, November, 25, 2022.

13) Krishna Pandey received the Best Oral Presentation Award in the ‘Research Scholars' Day (ChemDay-2022)’ organized by the Dept. of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, March, 26, 2022.

Refereed Journal Papers

(58) Das, P.; Bhatia, P.; Khatri, M.; Kumar, D. N-Methylene-C Bridged 4-Azido-3,5-dinitropyrazole and N-Hydroxytetrazole: Metal-Free Primary Explosive and Powerful Secondary Explosives.  Org. Lett., 2026, DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6c01830

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.orglett.6c01830

(57) Khatri, M.; Das, P.; Pandey, K.; Sahoo, S.; Kumar, D. Design and Synthesis of Insensitive Fused Triazolo-Pyrimidine-Based Energetic Materials.  Org. Lett., 2026, 28, 17, 5598–5602.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.orglett.6c01282

(56) Bhatia, P.; Kumar, D. N-Methylene-C linkages: a versatile tool for engineering unsymmetrical energetic materials with an energy–stability balance.  Chem. Commun., 2026, 62, 5124-5140 .

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2026/cc/d5cc06482a 

(55) Das, P.; Bhatia, P.; Khatri, M.; Kumar, D. N-Acetimidamide Functionalized 4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole as an Oxygen-Containing Cation for Thermally Stable Energetic Salts.  J. Org. Chem., 2026, 91, 122–137.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.joc.5c02095 

(54) Bhatia, P.; Das, P.; Khatri, M.; Jena, S. K.; Kumar, D. N-Methylene-C Linked 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole and N-Hydroxytetrazole: Insensitive Energetic Materials Enlivened by N-Hydroxyl Group.  Org. Lett., 2025, 27, 12059–12063

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.orglett.5c03763 

(53) Bhatia, P.; Das, P.; Bijlwan, A.; Kumar, D. K2MODNP: A Lead-Free Initiator with Excellent Thermal Stability and Promising Energetic Performance.  Org. Lett., 2025, 27, 13426–13431.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.orglett.5c04069 

(52) Das, P.; Bhatia, P.; Verma, S.; Yadav, A.; Sahoo, S.; Kumar, D. Extensive Evaluation of Dinitropyrazole and Tetrazole-Based Energetic Compounds: Role of Isomerism and Oxygen Balance on the Overall Performance.  J. Org. Chem. 2025, 90, 14683–14694.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.joc.5c01729 

 

(51) Das, P.; Bhatia, P.; Kumar, D. Zwitterionic Energetic Compound Based on N-Acetamidinium Functionalized Nitroimino-tetrazole: Towards High-Performance and Stability.  Chem. Asian J., 2025, 20, e70359.

https://aces.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asia.70359 

 

(50) Bijlwan, A.; Das, P.; Bhatia, P.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. A Family of Methylene-Bridged Fully Functionalized Polynitroarenes and Tetrazole-Based Energetic Materials.  Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2025, 28, e202500823.

https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.202500823 

 

(49) Pandey, K.; Das, P.; Bijlwan, A.; Kumar, D. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Bridged 3,5-Dinitropyrazoles: Powerful Alliance toward High Performance and High Thermal Stability. J. Org. Chem. 2025, 90, 7700– 7711.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00530 

 

(48) Chandra, A.; Cheekatla, S. R.; Vishwakarma, V. K.; Kumar, D. The Significant Role of Burgess Reagent and Its Analogues in Organic Synthesis. Asian J. Org. Chem. 2025, 14, e202500338.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.202500338 

(47) Bhatia, P.; Das, P.; Kumar, D. N-Alkylation of 4-Hydroxy-3,5-Dinitropyrazole: A Facile Route for the Synthesis of Insensitive Energetic Materials. Propellants, Explos. Pyrotech., 2025, 50, e12022.

https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.12022

 

(46) Tiwari, A.; Pandey, K.; Das, P.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. Benzofuroxan‐Based Energetic Materials with Alternating Nitro and Hydroxyl Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2024, 27, e202400794. 

https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202400794

 

(45) Bhatia, P.; Das, P.; Kumar, D. Engaging Two Anions with Single Cation in Energetic Salts: Approach for Optimization of Oxygen Balance in Energetic Materials. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 64846−64857.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c15237

 

(44) Bhatia, P.; Das, P.; Bijlwan, A.; Kumar, D. Systematic Synthesis of Thermally Stable Zwitterionic Energetic Materials Based on 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole. Org. Lett., 2024, 26, 9781−9786.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03822

 

(43) Pandey, K.; Das, P.; Khatri, M.; Kumar, D. N-Methylene-C-Linked Nitropyrazoles and 1,2,4-Triazolone-3-one: Thermally Stable Energetic Materials with Reduced Sensitivity. Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 17179-17189.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DT02494J

 

(42) Bhatia, P.; Pandey, K.; Kumar, D. Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties. Chem. Asian J., 2024, 19, e20240048.

 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.202400481



(41) Pandey, K.; Das, P.; Bhatia, P.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. Insights into Structural and Energetic Features of 3,5-Dinitropyrazole-4-Carboxylic Acid and Its Energetic Salts. Cryst. Growth Des., 2024, 24, 6790−6799.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.4c00780

 

(40) Bhatia, P.; Jangra, P.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. Combination of Namino-1,2,4-triazole and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole for the Synthesis of High Performing Explosives. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2024, 61 (8), 1299−1305.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.4856

 

(39) Bhatia, P.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. Time for mixing: Mixed dicationic energetic salts based on methylene bridged 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole and tetrazole for tunable performance. Energy Mater. Front. 2024, 5, 105– 111. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmf.2024.05.001

 

(38) Pandey, K.; Tiwari, A.; Singh, J.; Bhatia, P.; Das, P.; Kumar, D.; Shreeve, J. M. Pushing the Limit of Oxygen Balance on a Benzofuroxan Framework: K2DNDP as an Extremely Dense and Thermally Stable Material as a Substitute for Lead Azide. Org. Lett. 2024, 26 (9), 1952−1958. 

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00398

 

(37) Bhatia, P.; Priya, P. S.; Das, P.; Kumar, D. N-Acetonitrile functionalized 3-nitrotriazole: precursor to nitrogen rich stable and insensitive energetic materials. Energy Mater. Front. 2024, 5, 8– 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmf.2024.01.003

 

(36) Das, P.; Bhatia, P.; Pandey, K.; Kumar, D. Taming of 4-azido-3,5-dinitropyrazole based energetic materials. Mater. Adv. 2024, 5, 171– 182. 

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MA00742A

 

(35) Bhatia, P.; Pandey, K.; Das, P.; Kumar, D. Bis(dinitropyrazolyl)methanes Spruced up with Hydroxyl Groups: High Performance Energetic Salts with Reduced Sensitivity. Chem. Commun. 2023, 59, 14110– 14113.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC04445A

 

(34) Bhatia, P.; Pandey, K.; Avasthi, B.; Das, P.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. Controlling the Energetic Properties of N-Methylene-C-Linked 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole- and Tetrazole-Based Compounds via a Selective Mono- and Dicationic Salt Formation Strategy. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 88, 15085– 15096.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.3c01530

 

(33) Pandey, K.; Bhatia, P.; Mohammad, K.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. Polynitro-Functionalized 4-Phenyl-1H-Pyrazoles as Heat-Resistant Explosives. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2023, 21 (32), 6604– 6616.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3OB00949A

 

(32) Pandey, K.; Bhatia, P.; P. Dolui, P.; Ghule, V. D.; Kumar, D. Connecting Energetic Nitropyrazole and Nitrobenzene Moieties with C−C Bonds using Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction: A Novel Route to Thermally Stable Energetic Materials. Asian J. Org. Chem. 2022, 11, 202. 

https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.202200543

 

(31) Zhao, G.; He, C.; Kumar, D.; Hooper, J. P.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene (TITNB) from Benzene: Balancing Performance and High Thermal Stability of Functional Energetic Materials. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 378, 122119. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122119

 

(30) Zhao, G.; Yin, P.; Kumar, D.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Bis (3-Nitro-1-(Trinitromethyl)-1 H-1, 2, 4-Triazol-5-Yl) Methanone: An Applicable and Very Dense Green Oxidizer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 19581–19584.

https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b11326

 

(29) Zhang, P.; Kumar, D.; Zhang, L.; Shem-Tov, D.; Petrutik, N.; Chinnam, A. K.; Yao, C.; Pang, S.; Gozin, M. Energetic Butterfly: Heat-Resistant Diaminodinitro Trans-Bimane. Molecules 2019, 24 (23). 

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234324



(28) Kumar, D.; Elias, A. J. The Explosive Chemistry of Nitrogen: A Fascinating Journey From 9th Century to the Present. Resonance 2019, 24, 1253–1271. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-019-0893-2

 

(27) Zhao, G.; Kumar, D.; Hu, L.; Shreeve, J. M. A Safe and Scaled-Up Route to Inert Ammonia Oxide Hydroxylammonium Azide (H7N5O2), Hydrazinium Azide (H5N5), and Ammonium Azide (H4N4). ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2 (9), 6919–6923.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b01447

 

(26) Dharavath, S.; Tang, Y.; Kumar, D.; Mitchell, L. A.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. A Halogen-Free Green High Energy Density Oxidizer from H-FOX. European J. Org. Chem. 2019, 2019 (20), 3142–3145. 

https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201900415

 

(25) Zhao, G.; He, C.; Kumar, D.; Hooper, J. P.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Jean’ne, M. S. Functional Energetic Biocides by Coupling of Energetic and Biocidal Polyiodo Building Blocks. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 368, 244–251.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.192

 

(24) Zhao, G.; Kumar, D.; Yin, P.; He, C.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Construction of Polynitro Compounds as High-Performance Oxidizers via a Two-Step Nitration of Various Functional Groups. Org. Lett. 2019, 21 (4), 1073–1077.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04114

 

(23) Kumar, D.; Tang, Y.; He, C.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Multipurpose Energetic Materials by Shuffling Nitro Groups on a 3, 3′‐Bipyrazole Moiety. Chem. Eur. J. 2018, 24 (65), 17220–17224.

https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201804418

 

(22) Kumar Chinnam, A.; Shlomovich, A.; Shamis, O.; Petrutik, N.; Kumar, D.; Wang, K.; Komarala, E. P.; Tov, D. S.; Sućeska, M.; Yan, Q. L.; Gozin, M. Combustion of Energetic Iodine-Rich Coordination Polymer – Engineering of New Biocidal Materials. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 350, 1084–1091. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.056

 

(21) Zhao, G.; Kumar, D.; He, C.; Hooper, J. P.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. New Generation Agent Defeat Weapons: Energetic N,N′-Ethylene-Bridged Polyiodoazoles. Chem. – A Eur. J. 2017, 23, 16753–16757. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201704798

 

(20) Tang, Y.; Kumar, D.; Shreeve, J. M. Balancing Excellent Performance and High Thermal Stability in a Dinitropyrazole Fused 1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrazine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 13684–13687. 

https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b08789

 

(19) Kumar, D.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. N-Acetonitrile Functionalized Nitropyrazoles: Precursors to Insensitive Asymmetric N-Methylene-C Linked Azoles. Chem. - A Eur. J. 2017, 23, 7876–7881. 

https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201700786

 

(18) Kumar, D.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. A Highly Stable and Insensitive Fused Triazolo–Triazine Explosive (TTX). Chem. - A Eur. J. 2017, 23, 1743–1747. 

https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201604919

 

(17) Kumar, D.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Aminoacetonitrile as Precursor for Nitrogen Rich Stable and Insensitive Asymmetric: N -Methylene-C Linked Tetrazole-Based Energetic Compounds. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 16767–16775. 

https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05394k

(16) Kumar, D.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. 3,4,5-Trinitro-1-(Nitromethyl)-1H-Pyrazole (TNNMP): A Perchlorate Free High Energy Density Oxidizer with High Thermal Stability. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 10437–10441. 

https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA02585H

 

(15) Kumar, D.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Resolving Synthetic Challenges Faced in the Syntheses of Asymmetric: N, N ′-Ethylene-Bridged Energetic Compounds. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 4040–4047. 

https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00327g

 

(14) Deb, M.; Kumar, D.; Singh, J.; Elias, A. J. Unprecedented Formation of π-Copper Complexes during Sonogashira Coupling: Synthesis of a Unique, Recyclable, Ethynyl Ferrocene Derived Cu(I) Specific Ligand. Organometallics 2016, 35, 1086–1091. 

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00069

 

(13) Kumar, D.; Mitchell, L. A.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Asymmetric: N, N ′-Ethylene-Bridged Azole-Based Compounds: Two Way Control of the Energetic Properties of Compounds. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 9931–9940. 

https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03536a

 

(12) Kumar, D.; He, C.; Mitchell, L. A.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Connecting Energetic Nitropyrazole and Aminotetrazole Moieties with: N, N ′-Ethylene Bridges: A Promising Approach for Fine Tuning Energetic Properties. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 9220–9228. 

https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02387h

 

(11) Kumar, D.; Deb, M.; Singh, J.; Singh, N.; Keshav, K.; Elias, A. J. Chemistry of the Highly Stable Hindered Cobalt Sandwich Compound (Η5-Cp)Co(Η4-C4Ph4) and Its Derivatives. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2016, 306, 115–170. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2015.05.012

 

(10) Kumar, D.; Singh, N.; Elias, A. J.; Malik, P.; Allen, C. W. Reactions of Alkyne- and Butadiyne-Derived Fluorinated Cyclophosphazenes with Diiron and Dimolybdenum Carbonyls. Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 10674–10684. 

https://doi.org/10.1021/ic501821v

 

(9) Biswas, R.; Keshav, K.; Kumar, D.; Elias, A. J. Reactions of Allylzinc Bromide with Ethynylferrocene Derived Fluorinated Cyclophosphazenes. J. Organomet. Chem. 2014, 768, 157–162. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.06.025

 

(8) Kumar, D.; Elias, A. J. Reduction Reactions of Alkyne and Butadiyne Derived Fluorinated Cyclophosphazenes. J. Fluor. Chem. 2014, 166, 69–77. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.07.022

 

(7) Singh, J.; Kumar, D.; Singh, N.; Elias, A. J. New Chiral Palladacycles from an Unprecedented Cyclopalladation of Cyclobutadiene-Bound Phenyl Groups of Cobalt Sandwich Compounds. Organometallics 2014, 33, 1044–1052. 

https://doi.org/10.1021/om500004n

 

(6) Kumar, D.; Singh, J.; Elias, A. J. Chiral Multidentate Oxazoline Ligands Based on Cyclophosphazene Cores: Synthesis, Characterization and Complexation Studies. Dalt. Trans. 2014, 43, 13899–13912. 

https://doi.org/10.1039/C4DT01741B

 

(5) Keshav, K.; Kumar, D.; Elias, A. J. Synthesis, Spectral, and Structural Studies of Porphyrins Having Sterically Hindered [Η5-CpCo(Η4-C4Ph4)] Cobalt Sandwich Units at the Meso Positions. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 12351–12366. 

https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401099c

 

(4) Kumar, D.; Singh, N.; Keshav, K.; Elias, A. J. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the First Examples of Butadiynyl Derived Cyclic Fluorinated Phosphazenes. J. Fluor. Chem. 2013, 153, 48–56. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.05.020

 

(3) Mandapati, P.; Singh, N.; Kumar, D.; Elias, A. J. Synthesis and Characterization of Difunctionalized Derivatives of the Cyclobutadiene Linked Dimeric Cobalt Sandwich Compound [(Η5-Cp)Co(Η4-C4Ph3)]2. J. Organomet. Chem. 2012, 716, 208–215.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.06.026

 

(2) Kumar, M. S.; Kumar, D.; Elias, A. J. Synthesis of (β-Phenylethynyl)-Gem-Diphenyltrifluorocyclotriphosphazene and Its Reaction with RCpCo(PPh3)2 [R=MeOC(O)]. Inorganica Chim. Acta 2011, 372, 175–182.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.064

 

(1) Kumar, D.; Singh, N.; Keshav, K.; Elias, A. J. Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions of Terminal Alkene-Derived Cyclic Phosphazenes. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 250.

 

 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic101884s

 

Comments
- Currently looking for Ph.D. students. Interested and highly motivated NET-JRF/GATE qualified candidates can contact Dr. Dheeraj Kumar (dheerajk.fcy@iitr.ac.in) with their CV.